Man, 30, Gets First Dose Of India's Covid Vaccine As Human Trial Begins.😷

Hi, friends  today I fill proud to be an indian because India has tested its first dose of covid-19 vaccine to 30 year old man as trial

A total of 12 volunteers were called for a number of pre-tests that include blood and nasopharyngeal testing for COVID-19.

Dr Dangs Lab has been selected as the central lab for the human clinical trials of Covaxin, India's first indigenous coronavirus vaccine, the lab said in a statement.New Delhi: 

A Delhi-based private laboratory, Dr Dangs Lab, has claimed that it has been selected as the central lab for human clinical trials of Covaxin, India's indigenous COVID-19 vaccine candidate. The vaccine is being developed and manufactured by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the National Institute of Virology(NIV) Pune.

Dr. Dangs Lab said on Wednesday that it has partnered with Bharat Biotech for conducting the trial.New Delhi has been provided the opportunity to serve the nation by being selected as the central lab for the Human Clinical trials of Covaxin; India's indigenous covid -19vaccine being developed and manufactured by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the ICMR, NIV," Dr Dang's Lab said in a statement.

This is a "randomised, double blind, placebo controlled multi-centric clinical trial in India", it added.The lab has already started receiving samples from 50 to 100 subjects per day from various trial sites for safety testing and will be increasing operations as per assigned timelines to cover 12 sites across the length and breadth of the country over this month.so friends  hat's  off to Indian scientists and doctor's . Thanks  for visiting. 

Mystery of padmanabhaswamy temple ,kerala

Hi,friends today's topic is mystery of padmanabhaswamy temple kerla its very  mysterious it has 6 vaults 

All about Padmanabhaswamy Temple, its treasures and the royal family that will control it

The Supreme Court has now upheld the rights of the erstwhile Travancore royal family to manage the affairs of the temple, which has become an enigma due to its riches.Bengaluru: The Supreme Court Monday ended a nearly decade-old legal dispute, by upholding the rights of the erstwhile royal family of Travancore to manage the affairs of the Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram.

The temple has been something of an enigma, mainly because of its reputation as one of the richest in the world and the treasures it holds in its vaults.

Historians say the temple dates back to the 8th century but the present structure was built in the 18th century by the then Travancore Maharaja Marthanda Varma.The temple is built in the unique Chera style of architecture, and its main deity is Lord Vishnu who is found in the Anantha Shayana posture (reclined posture of eternal yoga) on Adishesha or king of all serpents.

It is known to be one of the 108 holy temples associated with Vaishnavism in India.

Since independence, the temple had been controlled by a trust run by the royal family right until 1991, when the last ruler of Travancore, Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma, passed away.

Even after the death of the last Travancore ruler in 1991, the state government allowed the management of the temple to be taken over and retained by his younger brother, Uthradam Thirunal Marthanda Varma.

But in 2011, the Kerala High Court ruled that the family cannot continue to exert its shebait rights. Shebait is a person who serves a Hindu deity and manages the temple.The deity at the temple represents the trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Legend has it that Vilvamangalathu Swamiyar, an ascetic, traveled all over the world in search of Lord Padmanabha.

He had a vision in Thiruvananthapuram that Lord Vishnu reduced himself to 18 feet and took the reclining posture.

The royals told ThePrint that the idol is made of kadasharakara, a composition of herbs, resin and sand.

The temple was first made of wood but later constructed with granite that is seen today. It has 365 pillars, one for each day of the year. Friends  this temple  is very mysterious it its 6 vault  get opened the treasure  will serve India  for 10 years. Thanks for visiting.

Effects of greenhouse !

Hi,friends  my name is rushabh  and today's topic  is effects of greenhouse so let start from pic

Energy from the Sun that makes its way to Earth can have trouble finding its way back out to space. The greenhouse effect causes some of this energy to be waylaid in the atmosphere, absorbed and released by greenhouse gases.

Without the greenhouse effect, earth's temperature would be below freezing. It is, in part, a natural process. However, Earth’s greenhouse effect is getting stronger as we add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. That is warming the climate of our planet.

How Does It Work?

Solar energy absorbed at Earth’s surface is radiated back into the atmosphere heat. As the heat makes its way through the atmosphere and back out to space, greenhouse gases absorb much of it. Why do greenhouse gases absorb heat? Greenhouse gases are more complex than other gas molecules in the atmosphere, with a structure that can absorb heat. They radiate the heat back to the Earth's surface, to another greenhouse gas molecule, or out to space.

Greenhouse Gases

There are several different types of greenhouse gases. The major ones are carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gas molecules all are made of three or more atoms. The atoms are held together loosely enough that they Eventually, the vibrating molecules release the radiation, which will likely be absorbed by another greenhouse gas molecule. This process keeps heat near the Earth’s surface.

Most of the gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen and oxygen – both of which are molecules made of two atoms. The atoms in these molecules are bound together tightly and unable to vibrate, so they cannot absorb heat and contribute to the greenhouse effect.

A Couple of Common Greenhouse Gases

• Carbon dioxide: Made of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, carbon dioxide molecules make up a small fraction of the atmosphere, but have a large effect on climate. There was about 270 parts per million volume (ppmv) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the mid-19^th Century at the start of the Industrial Revolution. The amount is growing as burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. There is about 400 parts per million volume (ppmv) now.

• Methane: A powerful greenhouse gas, able to absorb far more heat than carbon dioxide, methane is made of one carbon and four hydrogen atoms. It is found in very small quantities in the atmosphere but is able to make a big impact on warming. Methane gas is also used as a fuel. When burned, it releases carbon dioxide greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

so frfriends this was some info about  it .thanks to visit. 

Success of oxford university in covid-19 vaccine development 😷

Hi,friends my name is rushabh and today's topic  is success of oxford university in development of covid 19 vaccine, friends this information  is  100 percent  true. It's been seven months since the world first saw the emergence of the deadly coronavirus, which has infected over 13 million people till now and caused lakhs of fatalities.

As scientists have been rushing through to make a preventable cure for COVID-19, Oxford University researchers may now be the first ones to claim success from phase I/II of their clinical trials. The news of the vaccine's phase I/II studies were released yesterday evening (July 20). The encouraging, positive news of the antibody spiking up vaccine candidate ‘AZD1222’ has surely raised a lot of hopes worldwide. The results, which have been published in the medical journal The Lancet asserts the fact that Oxford vaccine is fit for usage and illicit required immunity in the body.A coronavirus vaccine developed by the University of Oxford appears safe and triggers an immune response.

Trials involving 1,077 people showed the injection led to them making antibodies and T-cells that can fight coronavirus.

The findings are hugely promising, but it is still too soon to know if this is enough to offer protection and larger trials are under way.

The UK has already ordered 100 million doses of the vaccine.

How does the vaccine work?

The vaccine - called ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 - is being developed at unprecedented speed.

It is made from a genetically engineered virus that causes the common cold in chimpanzees.

It has been heavily modified, first so it cannot cause infections in people and also to make it "look" more like coronavirus.

Scientists did this by transferring the genetic instructions for the coronavirus's "spike protein" - the crucial tool it uses to invade our cells - to the vaccine they were developing.

This means the vaccine resembles the coronavirus and the immune system can learn how to attack it. Friends  india is also in race of creating a vaccine  on covid-19. The  UK has already  ordered 100 million vaccine. There is important role of doctor and scientists in this pandemic .

What are antibodies and T-cells?

Much of the focus on coronavirus so far has been about antibodies, but these are only one part of our immune defence.

Antibodies are small proteins made by the immune system that stick onto the surface of viruses.

Neutralising antibodies can disable the coronavirus.

T-cells, a type of white blood cell, help co-ordinate the immune system and are able to spot which of the body's cells have been infected and destroy them.

Nearly all effective vaccines induce both an antibody and a T-cell response.so friends  hat's off to  scientists and doctor's of world .thanks for visiting. 

Mystery of area 51

Hi,friends today's topic is area 51

The small US towns of Rachel and Hiko, near the highly secret Area 51 facility in Nevada, are bracing themselves for a possible influx of visitors.

The viral Facebook event "Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us" is due to take place on 20 September - even though the person who came up with the idea says it was a joke.

So, what is Area 51?

What do we know about Area 51?

Area 51 refers to a map location and is the popular name for a United States Air Force base. It is at Groom Lake, a dry lake bed in the Nevada Desert, 85 miles (135km) north of Las Vegas.

What goes on inside is extremely secret. Members of the public are kept away by warning signs, electronic surveillance and armed guards.

It is also illegal to fly over Area 51, although the site is now visible on satellite images. The base has runways up to 12,000ft (2.3 miles/3.7km) long.

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Image captionSome local businesses in the small town of Rachel have embraced Area 51's association with alien mythology

The facility is next to two other restricted military areas: the Nevada Test Site, where US nuclear weapons were tested from the 1950s to the 1990s, and the Nevada Test and Training Range.

The entire range covers more than 2.9 million acres of land.

According to the US military, it represents "a flexible, realistic and multidimensional battle-space to conduct testing tactics development, and advanced training".thanks  friend s.

Largest living animal blue whale .

Hi friends today  we are going to discuss the largest  living animal in te world 

Once the most important of the commercially hunted baleen whales, the blue whale was greatly reduced in numbers during the first half of the 20th century. In the 1930–31 season alone the worldwide kill of blue whales exceeded 29,000. The species has been protected from commercial whaling since the mid-1960s. Populations of blue whales appear to be recovering and are estimated worldwide at between 10,000 and 25,000 animals. However, the International Union for Conservation of Nature still lists the blue whale as an endangered speciesOnce the most important of the commercially hunted baleen whales, the blue whale was greatly reduced in numbers during the first half of the 20th century. In the 1930–31 season alone the worldwide kill of blue whales exceeded 29,000. The species has been protected from commercial whaling since the mid-1960s. Populations of blue whales appear to be recovering and are estimated worldwide at between 10,000 and 25,000 animals. However, the International Union for Conservation of Nature still lists the blue whale as There are currently five subspecies of blue whale, recognized by the Society for Marine Mammalogy's Committee on Taxonomy: B. m. musculus in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, B. m. intermedia in the Southern Ocean, B. m. brevicauda (the pygmy blue whale) in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, B. m. indica in the Northern Indian Ocean, and B. m. unnamed subsp. in the waters off Chile. The blue whale diet consists almost exclusively of euphausiids (krill).The blue whale was once abundant in nearly all the oceans on Earth until the end of the 19th century. It was hunted almost to the point of extinction by whaling until the International Whaling Commission banned all hunting of blue whales in 1967. The International Whaling Commission catch database estimates that 382,595 blue whales were caught between 1868 and 1978. The global blue whale population abundance is estimated to be 10,000-25,000 blue whales, roughly 3-11% of the population size estimated in 1911.There remain only much smaller concentrations in the Eastern North Pacific (1,647),Central North Pacific (63-133),North Atlantic (1,000-2,000),^] Antarctic (2,280),New Zealand (718), Northern Indian Ocean (270), and Chile (570-760).so thanks for visiting 

How internet works !

How does the Internet Work?

Hi friends today  topic  is how internet works The Internet works through a packet routing network in accordance with the Internet Protocol (IP), the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and other protocols.

What’s a protocol?

A protocol is a set of rules specifying how computers should communicate with each other over a network. For example, the Transport Control Protocol has a rule that if one computer sends data to another computer, the destination computer should let the source computer know if any data was missing so the source computer can re-send it. Or the Internet Protocol which specifies how computers should route information to other computers by attaching addresses onto the data it sends.

What’s a packet?

Data sent across the Internet is called a message. Before a message is sent, it is first split in many fragments called packets. These packets are sent independently of each other. The typical maximum packet size is between 1000 and 3000 characters. The Internet Protocol specifies how messages should be packetized.

What’s a packet routing network?

It is a network that routes packets from a source computer to a destination computer. The Internet is made up of a massive network of specialized computers called routers. Each router’s job is to know how to move packets along from their source to their destination. A packet will have moved through multiple routers during its journey.

When a packet moves from one router to the next, it’s called a hop. You can use the command line-tool traceroute to see the list of hops packets take between you and a host.

Command-line utility traceroute showing all the hops between my computer and google’s servers

The Internet Protocol specifies how network addresses should be attached to the packet’s headers, a designated space in the packet containing its meta-data. The Internet Protocol also specifies how the routers should forward the packets based on the address in the header.

Where did these Internet routers come from? Who owns them?

These routers originated in the 1960s as ARPANET, a military project whose goal was a computer network that was decentralized so the government could access and distribute information in the case of a catastrophic event. Since then, a number of Internet Service Providers (ISP) corporations have added routers onto these ARPANET routers.

There is no single owner of these Internet routers, but rather multiple owners: The government agencies and universities associated with ARPANET in the early days and ISP corporations like AT&T and Verizon later on.

Asking who owns the Internet is like asking who owns all the telephone lines. No one entity owns them all; many different entities own parts of them.

covid-19 pandemic

Hi,friends today we are going  to discuss about  covid-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic in India is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case of COVID-19 in India, which originated from China, was reported on 30 January 2020. India currently has the largest number of confirmed cases in Asia,^[8] and has the third highest number of confirmed cases in the world after the United States and Brazil^[9] with the number of total confirmed cases breaching the 100,000 mark on 19 May, 200,000 on 3 June, ^[10][11] and 1,000,000 confirmed cases on 17 July 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic in India is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case of COVID-19 in India, which originated from China, was reported on 30 January 2020. India currently has the largest number of confirmed cases in Asia,^[8] and has the third highest number of confirmed cases in the world after the United States and Brazil^[9] with the number of total confirmed cases breaching the 100,000 mark on 19 May, 200,000 on 3 June, ^[10][11] and 1,000,000 confirmed cases on 17 July 2020.

India's case fatality rate is relatively lower at 2.80%, against the global 4.7%, as of 6 July.^[12] Six cities account for around half of all reported cases in the country – Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Pune and Kolkata.^[13] As of 24 May 2020, Lakshadweep is the only region which has not reported a case. On 10 June, India's recoveries exceeded active cases for the first time reducing 49% of total infections^[14] followed by recovery rate crossing 60% till early July. Although, active have continued to increase persistently.

On 22 March, India observed a 14-hour voluntary public curfew at the instance of the prime minister Narendra Modi. It was followed by mandatory lockdowns in COVID-19 hotspots and all major cities. Further, on 24 March, the Prime Minister ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, affecting the entire 1.3 billion population of India. On 14 April, the PM extended the nationwide lockdown till 3 May which was followed by two-week extensions starting 3 and 17 May with substantial relaxations. From 1 June, the Government has started "unlocking" the country (barring "containment zones") in three unlock phases.^{[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]}

The United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have praised India's response to the pandemic as 'Comprehensive and robust,' terming the Lockdown restrictions as aggressive but vital for containing the spread and building necessaryThe United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have praised India's response to the pandemic as 'Comprehensive and robust,' terming the Lockdown restrictions as aggressive but vital for containing the spread and building necessary healthcare infrastructure. The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) noted the government's swift and stringent actions, emergency policy making, emergency investment in healthcare, fiscal stimulus, investment in vaccine and drug R&D. It gave India a score of 100 for its strict response. Michael Ryan, chief executive director of the WHO's health emergencies programme noted that India had tremendous capacity to deal with the outbreak owing to its vast experience in eradicating smallpox and polio.^[22][23][24] In June, India was ranked 56th of 200 countries in COVID 19 safety assessment report by Deep Knowledge Group.^[25] Though, other commentators have also raised concerns about the economic fallout arising as a result of the pandemic and preventive restrictions.^[26][27] The lockdown was justified by the government and other agencies for being preemptive to prevent India from entering a higher stage which could make handling very difficult and cause even more losses thereafter.^{[28][29] so thanks  for reading} 

Bigbang theory

Hi,  friends today  we will discuss  about  bigbang  let's start

The Big Bang theory is a cosmological model of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.^[1][2][3] The model describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of extremely high density and high temperature,^[4] and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and large-scale structure.

Crucially, the theory is compatible with Hubble's law – the observation that the farther away galaxies are, the faster they are moving away from Earth. Extrapolating this cosmic expansion backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the theory describes a high density state preceded by a singularity in which space and time lose meaning.^[5] There is no evidence of any phenomena prior to the singularity. Detailed measurements of the expansion rate of the universe place the Big Bang at around 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe.^[6]

After its initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements – mostly hydrogen, with some helium and lithium – later coalesced through gravity, forming early stars and galaxies, the descendants of which are visible today. Besides these primordial building materials, astronomers observe the gravitational effects of an unknown dark matter surrounding galaxies. Most of the gravitational potential in the universe seems to be in this form, and the Big Bang theory and various observations indicate that it is not conventional baryonic matter that forms atoms. Measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence.^[7]

Georges Lemaître first noted in 1927 that an expanding universe could be traced back in time to an originating single point, which he called the "primeval atom". For several decades, the scientific community was divided between supporters of the Big Bang and the rival steady-state model, but a wide range of empirical evidence has strongly favored the Big Bang, which is now universally accepted.^[8] Edwin Hubble concluded from analysis of galactic redshifts in 1929 that galaxies are drifting apart; this is important observational evidence for an expanding universe. In 1964, the CMB was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the hot Big Bang model,^[9] since that theory predicted a uniform background radiation throughout the universe. Thanks for visiting  my blog.